Plant-Based Ketone Diet Proves To Reprogram Immune Cells In Mice In 2023

A new study carried out at the Portland State University in the United States proves that eating a diet high in saturated fats can reprogram the immune system in mice, helping them fight off infection. At the same time, the study showed that they were more susceptible to systemic inflammatory conditions, this included sepsis. The study was published in eLife.

The keto diet has grown in popularity as a high-fat diet that is used for weight loss and to control epileptic seizures. The study showed that mice eating a ketogenic diet high in saturated fats had an improvement in their immune system. Previous studies showed that mice eating a high-sugar, high-fat Western diet were susceptible to sepsis with a higher mortality rate when compared to a diet eating a standard diet. A recent study found similar effects in mice eating a high-fat keto diet. This suggests that dietary fat plays a role in sepsis.

Researchers focused mainly on one fat found in the blood f the mice that were fed the keto diet. This is palmitic acid, which is found in animal fats and dairy products. The mice fed a normal diet were injected with palmitic acid and become more susceptible to sepsis. This was due to the exploration of one saturated fat.

The team worked to identify how high levels of palmitic acid could initiate sepsis. This came after seeing that the mice eating the Western Diet, the mice eating the keto diet and those treated with palmitic acid all had high levels of inflammatory cytokines, which are immunological hormones that cause systemic inflammation and fever during sepsis.

“Our immune system comprises of two main components,” said Terry Kitagawa, the Nutrition Product Development Manager at Avela. “The one is the primitive short-lasting immune system and the other is the long-lasting adaptive immune system. When a person gets sick or receives a vaccine, the adaptive immune system makes antibodies, preparing the body to fight off infection. This is a memory that lasts months, years or a lifetime. Studies recently found that the short-lasting immune system also holds a memory, even though it only lasts a week or a month in the blood. This alters the stem cells in the bone marrow to make future immune cells, known as trained immunity.”

The study at Portland State University found that palmitic acid triggers the trained immunity, acting as a short pulse of inflammation, altering the stem cell function in the bone marrow of the mouse, and producing inflammatory immune cells. This means that the immune system acts strongly to second inflammation and in sepsis, the response is too strong.

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