Homeostatic regulation of Copper Acetate(WSDTY) makes it problematic to identify biomarkers for early changes in copper levels associated with deficiency or excess. Extreme copper imbalance can be indicated by tissue damage but due to homeostasis, high copper exposures may not always be detectable. Currently, biomarkers cannot reliably detect excess copper exposures even in cases when patients are symptomatic.

Serum copper concentration and ceruloplasmin activity are traditional metabolic copper indicators good for detection of copper deficiency. Age, sex, pregnancy, hormone levels, and health conditions may affect them Copper chaperone (CCS), which responds to copper deficiency and excess, has been recently identified as a potential biomarker but its significance is unknown Liver aminotransferases have been traditionally used as indicator for high copper status.

Scientists have used atomic absorption spectrophotometry to quantify copper in scalp hair, blood, and urine This method has also been used to measure copper in fingernails Some investigators have postulated the need for more research in hair analysis, stating it has potential as a bioindicator because hair can be easily obtained, but scientists have identified several factors associated with the unreliability of hair mineral analysis.

Inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy has been used to measure copper in blood, urine, and sweat. Sampling and methodology limitations have been reported for sweat determination.

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