They found crafted text messages sent to vulnerable 4G modems could allow attackers to install bootkits on machines connected using modem dongles by reprogramming the devices to serve as storage and human interface devices (HIDs)."Advanced attacks allow attackers to reprogram 4G modems remotely, sometimes via SMS, making them act as a HID and storage device to emulate key presses, reboot connected laptop and install bootkits," Gordeychik said.Separate findings included 550 GPRS Tunnelling Protocol hosts, mostly gateway GPRS support nodes, connected to the internet that allowed attackers to emulate serving GPRS support nodes to establish GPRS connections over the internet.The attacks were presented at security conferences PacSec and ZeroNights, and are to be explained in an upcoming paper affected a host of systems including supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) machines, ATMs and various Internet of Things devices.

Attackers could use tools including the modified open source software Osmocombb, Calypso based phones (pdf) or online SMS gateways.Fixing the vectors was not simple. Gordeychik said telcos were the only entities that could push vendors to fix vulnerable SIMs and modems by following secure coding practice, while CERTs were responsible for internet infrastructure issues like the GPRS Tunneling Protocol.The research team of Gordeychik; Alexey Osipov; Timur Yunusov; Alexander Zaitsev; Gleb Gritsai; Kirill Nesterov, and Dmitry Sklyarov tested more than 100 SIM cards and 'dozens' of 4G USB modems purchased across Europe, the Middle East and the US, and reported their findings to telcos, device vendors and computer emergency response teams including Japan's CERT. The smoking gun was the message one of Rigby’s attackers - Michael Adebowale - had sent to an overseas individual via Facebook not seen until after the attack, in which Adebowale said he intended to murder a soldier.Leading sections of the influential mass-circulation UK media overlooked M15’s failings and took the bait on Facebook bashing.

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