Irving, Texas - A prostate biopsy is a procedure used to remove tissue from the prostate to determine if it is cancerous. During the process, a needle is used to collect the tissue samples from the prostate gland. A urologist is the specialist who performs prostate biopsies.

"Your urologist can recommend a prostate biopsy if results from a digital rectal exam or PSA blood test indicate the possibility of the patient having prostate cancer," explained Dr. Echt. "The tissue samples from the biopsy are examined under a microscope for any cell abnormalities, and if found to be cancer, it will be evaluated to determine if it's aggressive and how best it can be treated."

Here are the commonly employed prostate biopsy techniques:

• Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided systematic biopsy of the prostate–This is the gold standard for prostate cancer diagnosis. In most cases, the procedure is done under sedation. The doctor will insert an ultrasound probe into the rectum to obtain images of the prostate. With the guidance of the ultrasound, the doctor will insert a needle in different areas of the prostate to get tissue samples for histologic examination.

• Transperineal prostate biopsy–This is a technique that is becoming popular because it helps to sample the prostate systematically. Transperineal biopsy (TPB) uses points mapped to a brachytherapy template grid. A slim ultrasound probe will be inserted in the rectum to assess the prostate volume before samples are taken using a fan-shaped approach.In the second biopsies, a brachytherapy template grid is used to recover the tissues for examination.

• Transurethral biopsy – This method is rarely used, but it involves inserting a cystoscope, which is a flexible tube mounted with a camera at the end. The tube is passed through the urethra where prostate tissue samples are collected through the urethral wall. This process reaches the areas that are often missed using TRUS biopsy.

“The biopsies above help to achieve greater prostate cancer detection and also allow doctors to locate, map and track biopsy sites,” concluded Dr. Echt.

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