The definitions in the box and criteria stated above serve as guidelines for classifying the specific areas. To further simplify Classifying Equipment, the process gases are grouped into four classes (A, B, C, and D) in accordance with their explosive properties. Most hydrocarbons belong to Group D.

For each group, the temperature classes are also created. The electrical apparatus in the temperature class, T3, can be used in the areas in which the gases and vapors have ignition temperatures higher than the maximum surface temperature of 200 C.

These standards contain diagrams which facilitate the geometrical method of area classification. The extents of the Divisions 1 and 2 areas from a source of release are defined. The standards also recommend the types of electrical equipment for each division. The list of the electrical equipment includes motors, cables, conduits, circuit breakers, light fixtures, and heaters. The wiring methods are also described.

The handling of e-waste including combustion in incinerators, disposing in landfill or exporting overseas is no longer permitted due to environmental pollution and global legislations. Additionally, the presence of precious metals (PMs) makes e-waste recycling attractive economically. Pyrometallurgical routes are comparatively economical and eco-efficient if the hazardous emissions are controlled. Currently, pyrometallurgical routes are used initially for the segregation and upgrading of PMs (gold and silver) into base metals (BMs) (copper, lead and nickel) and followed by Hydrometallurgy Equipment for the recovery of pure base and PMs. For the recycling of e-waste in Australia, challenges such as collection, transportation, liberation of metal fractions, and installation of integrated smelting and refining facilities are identified.

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