What is a genome?
A genome is a complete deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of an organism, a compound containing genetic instructions needed to develop and direct each biological activity. A DNA molecule consists of two twisting, paired strands. Each strand consists of four chemical units called nucleotide bases. The bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G) and cytosine (C). The basis of the opposite strand is specific; A is always paired with T, and C is always paired with G.

The human genome contains approximately 3 billion of these base pairs, which are located in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus of our cells. Each chromosome contains hundreds to thousands of genes with instructions for making proteins. Each of the estimated 30,000 genes in the human genome produces an average of three proteins.
What is Human Genome Sequencing and how to sequence the genome?
Human Genome Sequencing, which means determining the exact sequence of base pairs in a DNA fragment. Human chromosomes range in size from about 50,000,000 to 300,000,000 base pairs. Because bases exist in pairs, and the identity of one base in the pair determines another member of the pair, scientists don’t have to report the two bases of the pair.

The primary method by which HGP is used to generate the finished version of the human genetic code is map-based or BAC-based sequencing. BAC is an acronym for "bacterial artificial chromosomes." Human DNA is fragmented into relatively large but still controllable fragments (between 150,000 and 200,000 base pairs). These fragments are cloned into bacteria that can store and replicate human DNA, so that a sufficient amount of DNA can be prepared for sequencing. If carefully chosen to minimize overlap, approximately 20,000 different BAC clones are required to contain 3 billion pairs of bases of the human genome. A collection of BAC clones containing the entire human genome is referred to as a "BAC library."

In the BAC-based approach, each BAC clone is "mapped" to determine the location of the DNA in the BAC clone from in the human genome. Using this approach ensures that scientists know the precise location of the DNA letters sequenced from each clone and their spatial relationship to human DNA sequenced in other BAC clones.

For sequencing, each BAC clone is cut into smaller fragments that are approximately 2,000 bases in length. These pieces are called "subclones." These subclones are subjected to a "sequencing reaction". The product of the sequencing reaction is then loaded into a sequencer (sequencer). The sequencer produces about 500 to 800 base pairs of A, T, C and G from each sequencing reaction, so that each base is sequenced about 10 times. The computer then assembles these short sequences into a contiguous sequence of sequences representing human DNA in the BAC clone

Whose DNA is sequenced for Human Genome Sequencing?

Information is kept confidential for volunteers who provide DNA samples for sequencing. This sequence is derived from the DNA of several volunteers. To ensure that the identity of volunteers can’t be revealed, a cautious process has been developed to recruit volunteers and collect and maintain blood samples that are sourced from DNA.
Volunteers responded to local public advertisements near the lab that prepared the DNA “library”. Candidates are recruited from different groups of people. Volunteers provide blood samples after extensive consultation and then give informed consent. Volunteers donate blood about five to ten times as much as they end up, so even volunteers won't know if their samples are being used. all labels are removed before selecting the actual sample.

About CD Genomics
CD Genomics is committed to providing novel NGS services enabling researchers to explore structure and function of microbial community in a high-resolution and culture-independent manner using technology from Illumina and PacBio. In addition, we also offer the service to sequence the genome of the individual cultured bacteria, fungi, phage or virus, whether do novo or re-sequencing.
Source: https://www.cd-genomics.com/Human-Whole-Genome-PacBio-SMRT-Sequencing.html