Top ten performance of titanium


Posted October 12, 2021 by beauty33

Titanium is a metal chemical element, chemical symbol Ti, atomic number 22, located in the fourth period, IVB group in the periodic table of chemical elements.
 
Titanium is a metal chemical element, chemical symbol Ti, atomic number 22, located in the fourth period, IVB group in the periodic table of chemical elements. It is a silver-white transition metal characterized by light weight, high strength, metallic luster, and resistance to wet chlorine corrosion. But titanium cannot be used in dry chlorine. Even dry chlorine at a temperature below 0°C will undergo a violent chemical reaction to form titanium tetrachloride, which will then decompose to form titanium dichloride, or even burn. Only when the water content in the chlorine gas is higher than 0.5%, the titanium can maintain reliable stability in it.
Titanium [1] is considered a rare metal because it is scattered in nature and difficult to extract. But it is relatively rich, ranking tenth among all elements. Titanium ore mainly includes ilmenite and rutile, which are widely distributed in the crust and lithosphere. Titanium is also present in almost all living things, rocks, water bodies and soil. The Kroll method or Hunter method is required to extract titanium from the main ore. The most common compound of titanium is titanium dioxide, which can be used to make white pigments. Other compounds also include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) (used as a catalyst and used to make smoke screens as air cover) and titanium trichloride (TiCl3) (used to catalyze the production of polypropylene)

Content distribution
The ten-kilometer-thick stratum on the earth’s surface contains six thousandths of titanium, 61 times more than copper, and ranks tenth in the crust (ranking elements in the crust: oxygen, silicon, aluminum, iron, calcium, sodium, Potassium, magnesium, hydrogen, titanium), just grab a handful of soil from the ground, which contains a few thousandths of titanium. Titanium ore with reserves of more than 10 million tons in the world is not rare.

There are hundreds of millions of tons of sand and gravel on the earth. Titanium and zirconium, two minerals heavier than sand and gravel, are mixed in the sand and gravel. Crushing with the zircon placer, on the long coast, a piece of titanium ore layer and zirconium ore layer are formed. This mineral layer is a black sand, usually a few centimeters to tens of centimeters thick. Titanium is not ferromagnetic, and nuclear submarines built with titanium do not have to worry about attacks by magnetic mines.

Physical properties
Titanium has metallic luster and ductility. The density is 4.5g/cm3. The melting point is 1668°C. The boiling point is 3287°C. Common valences +2, +3 and +4. The ionization energy is 6.82 eV. The main characteristics of titanium are low density, high mechanical strength, and easy processing. The plasticity of titanium mainly depends on purity. The purer the titanium, the greater the plasticity. It has good corrosion resistance and is not affected by the atmosphere and sea water. At room temperature, it will not be corroded by hydrochloric acid below 7%, sulfuric acid below 5%, nitric acid, aqua regia or dilute alkali solution; only hydrofluoric acid, concentrated hydrochloric acid, concentrated sulfuric acid, etc. can act on it.
Titanium is an important alloying element in steel and alloys. The density of titanium is 4.506-4.516 g/cc (20°C), which is higher than aluminum but lower than iron, copper, and nickel. But the specific strength is at the top of the metal. [6] The melting point is 1668°C, the latent heat of fusion is 3.7-5.0 kcal/gram atom, the boiling point is 3260±20°C, the latent heat of vaporization is 102.5-112.5 kcal/gram atom, the critical temperature is 4350°C, and the critical pressure is 1130 atmospheres. Titanium has poor thermal and electrical conductivity, which is similar to or slightly lower than that of stainless steel. Titanium has superconductivity. The superconducting critical temperature of pure titanium is 0.38-0.4K. At 25°C, the heat capacity of titanium is 0.126 cal/gram atom·degree, the enthalpy is 1149 cal/gram atom, and the entropy is 7.33 cal/gram atom·degree. Titanium is a paramagnetic substance with a magnetic permeability of 1.00004.
Titanium has plasticity. The elongation of high-purity titanium can reach 50-60%, and the reduction of area can reach 70-80%, but the shrinkage strength is low (that is, the strength generated during shrinkage). The presence of impurities in titanium has a great impact on its mechanical properties, especially interstitial impurities (oxygen, nitrogen, carbon) can greatly increase the strength of titanium and significantly reduce its plasticity. The good mechanical properties of titanium as a structural material are achieved through strict control of the appropriate impurity content and the addition of alloying elements.

Top ten performance
Low density, high specific strength
The density of titanium metal is 4.51g/cm3, which is higher than aluminum and lower than steel, copper, and nickel, but its specific strength is at the top of the metal.

Corrosion resistance
Titanium is a very active metal, its equilibrium potential is very low, and the thermodynamic corrosion tendency in the medium is high. But in fact, titanium is very stable in many media. For example, titanium is corrosion-resistant in oxidizing, neutral and weakly reducing media. This is because titanium and oxygen have a great affinity. In the air or in an oxygen-containing medium, a dense, strong adhesion and inert oxide film is formed on the surface of titanium, which protects the titanium matrix from corrosion. Even due to mechanical wear, it will quickly heal itself or regenerate. This indicates that titanium is a metal with a strong tendency to passivation. The titanium oxide film always maintains this characteristic when the medium temperature is below 315℃.
In order to improve the corrosion resistance of titanium, surface treatment technologies such as oxidation, electroplating, plasma spraying, ion nitriding, ion implantation and laser treatment have been developed to enhance the protection of the titanium oxide film and obtain the desired corrosion resistance. Effect. In response to the need for metal materials in the production of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methylamine solution, high-temperature wet chlorine, and high-temperature chloride, a series of corrosion-resistant titanium alloys such as titanium-molybdenum, titanium-palladium, and titanium-molybdenum-nickel have been developed. Titanium castings are made of titanium-32 molybdenum alloy, titanium-0.3 molybdenum-0.8 nickel alloy is used in environments where crevice corrosion or pitting corrosion is common, or titanium-0.2 palladium alloy is used locally in titanium equipment, and they are all well used. Effect.

Good heat resistance
The new titanium alloy can be used for a long time at a temperature of 600°C or higher.

Good low temperature resistance
Low temperature titanium alloy represented by titanium alloy TA7 (Ti-5Al-2.5Sn), TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti-2.5Zr-1.5Mo, etc., whose strength increases with the decrease of temperature, but does not change plasticity. Big. It maintains good ductility and toughness at low temperatures of -196-253°C, avoids cold brittleness of metals, and is an ideal material for cryogenic containers, storage boxes and other equipment.

Strong resistance to damping
After metal titanium is subjected to mechanical vibration and electrical vibration, its vibration decay time is the longest compared with steel and copper metal. This performance of titanium can be used as a tuning fork, medical ultrasonic pulverizer vibrating element and high-end acoustic speaker vibrating film, etc.

Non-magnetic, non-toxic
Titanium is a non-magnetic metal and will not be magnetized in a large magnetic field. It is non-toxic and has good compatibility with human tissues and blood, so it is adopted by the medical profession.

The tensile strength is close to its yield strength
This property of titanium shows that its yield ratio (tensile strength/yield strength) is high, which means that the plastic deformation of metal titanium material is poor during forming. Due to the large ratio of the yield limit of titanium to the modulus of elasticity, the resilience of titanium during molding is large.

Good heat transfer performance
Although the thermal conductivity of metallic titanium is lower than that of carbon steel and copper, due to the excellent corrosion resistance of titanium, the wall thickness can be greatly reduced, and the heat exchange method between the surface and the steam is dropwise condensation, which reduces the heat group. Without scaling, the thermal resistance can be reduced, and the heat transfer performance of titanium can be significantly improved.

Low modulus of elasticity
The elastic modulus of titanium is 106.4GPa at room temperature, which is 57% of steel.

Inspiratory performance
Titanium is a chemically very active metal, which can react with many elements and compounds at high temperatures. Titanium getter mainly refers to the reaction with carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen at high temperatures.

About us
As a global Contract Research Organization (CRO), headquartered in New York, USA, Alfa Chemistry has served the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries for years. Today, Alfa Chemistry is specialized in organic chemistry, material chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. Here are some our products, such as: Tin Catalysts, Tantalum Catalysts, Thallium Catalysts, Tris 2-aminoethyl amine, etc.
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Last Updated October 12, 2021