The oil pump in the internal combustion engine circulates engine oil under pressure to the rotating bearings, sliding pistons and camshafts of the engine. This lubricates the bearings, allows the use of large-capacity fluid bearings, and also helps cool the engine.

In addition to the main purpose of lubrication, pressurized oil is also increasingly used as hydraulic oil for powering small actuators. One of the first significant uses of this approach was hydraulic tappets used in camshaft and valve actuation. Recent applications that have become more common may include tensioners for timing belts or transmissions for variable valve timing systems.


Not all engines have the same fuel injection requirements. For example, a high-performance engine puts more pressure on the lubrication system. In this case, the lubrication system must be particularly robust to prevent engine damage. Most car engines on the road today do not exceed 5,000-6,000 rpm, but for high-performance engines, this is not always the case, because high-performance engines can rotate as high as 8000-9000 rpm. In this type of engine, the oil must circulate fast enough, otherwise air may be trapped in the oil. Similarly, in order to release power, some engines in high-performance applications run lighter oil, which requires less power to run the oil pump. Nowadays, the common oil weight in engines is usually 5W-30 or 10W-30, while high-performance engines may use 0W-20 oil, which has a lower viscosity.




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