Gurugram, March 7, 2024: India's growing dependence on space-based technologies necessitates securing its space assets. Space plays a critical role in information dominance for modern warfare. India is likely developing capabilities to disrupt or disable enemy satellites during conflicts. Dual-use technologies require careful monitoring to prevent the weaponisation of space. For that purpose, international cooperation is essential for peaceful space exploration and development.

The final frontier is no longer just the realm of science fiction – it's a strategic battleground for nations vying for dominance. As space exploration accelerates, India, a rising global power, is actively shaping its military strategy to account for the growing importance of the cosmos. Understanding the impact of space discoveries on Indian military thinking requires examining several key areas.

India's growing dependence on space-based technologies, from communication satellites for secure military networks to Earth observation satellites for border surveillance, necessitates their protection. This has led to the development of Anti-Satellite (ASAT) weapons capabilities, demonstrated by India's controversial 2019 Mission Shakti, which destroyed a low-orbiting satellite. Additionally, India is actively developing space situational awareness (SSA) capabilities to track and monitor objects in orbit, crucial for identifying threats to its own space assets.

Space plays a critical role in modern warfare, providing vital information for military operations. High-resolution imagery from satellites allows for detailed reconnaissance of enemy positions and troop movements. Navigation and communication systems rely heavily on space-based infrastructure. India recognises the importance of information dominance in this domain and is investing heavily in its space-based intelligence gathering capabilities.

Space warfare isn't just about offense; it's also about denying adversaries the same advantages. Just as India desires to protect its own space assets, it will likely develop capabilities to disrupt or disable enemy satellites during times of conflict. This could involve jamming communications, cyberattacks on satellite control systems, or even physical destruction through kinetic weapons.

The line between civilian and military space programs is often blurred. Technologies developed for peaceful purposes can have significant military applications. For instance, India's advancements in launch vehicle technology, crucial for putting satellites into orbit, have direct military implications for developing Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles (ICBMs). This necessitates careful monitoring and potential export controls to prevent the proliferation of technologies that could destabilise the region.

Despite its ambitions, India faces several challenges in its pursuit of space-based military dominance. Limited resources compared to established space powers like the US and China, coupled with dependence on foreign technology for critical components, can hinder its progress. Additionally, international treaties like the Outer Space Treaty, which prohibits the weaponisation of space, could limit certain military applications.

India recognises the benefits of international cooperation in space exploration and development. Collaboration with other spacefaring nations on peaceful projects can foster scientific progress and promote responsible use of space resources. This includes adhering to international space law to prevent an arms race in orbit and maintain a peaceful environment for future space exploration.

Outer space is rapidly becoming a new frontier for military competition. India's proactive approach in developing its space capabilities demonstrates its understanding of the strategic importance of the cosmos. As space exploration continues, the world can expect to see further advancements in space-based technologies with both military and civilian applications. Managing this new domain responsibly, through international cooperation and adherence to established treaties, will be crucial for ensuring a peaceful and prosperous future in space for all nations.

About Major Nirvikar Singh

Major Nirvikar Singh (Retd.) served as a Deputy Secretary at Cabinet Secretariat of the Government of India. He also held the position of Under Secretary at the same organisation. He also served as Aide-de-Camp to the Governor of Punjab and Administrator of the Union Territory of Chandigarh. Additionally, he has a distinguished background as an Indian Army Officer (Armoured Corps).